“Culture ... is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” (1871) – Edward Burnett Tylor.
"What really binds men together is their culture – the ideas and the standards they have in common." (1934) – Ruth Benedict.
“Culture means the whole complex of traditional behavior which has been developed by the human race and is successively learned by each generation. A culture is less precise. It can mean the forms of traditional behavior which are characteristics of a given society, or of a group of societies, or of a certain race, or of a certain area, or of a certain period of time.” (1937) – Margaret Mead.
"Culture...consists in those patterns relative to behavior and the products of human action which may be inherited, that is, passed on from generation to generation independently of the biological genes." (1949) - Talcott Parsons.
" Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e. historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, and on the other as conditioning elements of further action." (1952) Kroeber and Kluckhohn, (1952).
“[the culture concept] denotes an historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols, a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life.” (1966) – Clifford Geertz.
"The term culture [refers to] what is learned...the things one needs to know in order to meet the standards of others.” (1971) - Ward Goodenough.
Monday, March 7, 2011
Thursday, March 3, 2011
Field Study Seminar - Syllabus - Dr. Neda Bezerra
Class # 1
The Concept of Culture. Read: Ferraro, Chap. 2
Culture and Meaning. Read: Robbins, Chap. 1; Bohannan, Chap. 2
Ethnocentrism. Read: Bohannan, Chap. 4
Class # 2
What is Ethnography? Read: Murchinson, Chap. 1
Contextualization. Read: Fetterman, Chap. 2
Holistic Perspective. Read: Fetterman, Chap. 2
Emic and Etic Perspectives. Read: Fetterman, Chap. 2
Choosing and Ethnographic Topic. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 2
Class # 3
Ethical Concerns in Social Research. Read: Tavish and Loether, Chap. 1 (pages 13
14); Fetterman, Chapt 7.
Research Design. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 3.
Where do Research Ideas Come From? Read: White, Chap. 1.
What Makes a Research Question? Read: White, Chap. 2.
What Makes a Question 'Researchable'? Read: White, Chap. 3
Questions, Methods and Indicators. Read: White, Chap. 4
Answering Research Questions. Read: White, Chap. 5
Class # 4
Facts and Hypotheses. Read: Tavish and Loether, Chap. 2
Theory and Its Value for Research. Read: Tavish and Loether, Chap. 2
Methods: Collecting Data. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 5, 6, 7, 8, and Ferraro, Chap. 5.
Class # 5
Interpretation of Field Data. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 12 and 13.
Write-Up of Field Data. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 12 and 13.
Required Readings:
Bohannan, Paul. Asking and Listening: Ethnography as Personal Adaptation. Waveland Press: Prospect Heights, IL: 1998.
Ferraro, Gary. Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. International Thomson Publishing: London, 1998.
Fetterman, David M. Ethnography: Step-by-Step. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA, 2009.
McTavish, Don G. and Herman J. Loether. Social Research: An Evolving Process. Allyn and Bacon: Boston, 2002.
Murchison, Julian. Ethnography Essentials: Designing, Conducting, and Presenting Your Research. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, 2010.
Robbins, Richard H. Cultural Anthropology: A Problem-Based Approach. F. E. Peacock Publishers: Itasca, Ill., 2001.
White, Patrick. Developing Research Questions: A Guide For Social Scientists. Palgrave Macmillan: New Hampshire, 2009.
The Concept of Culture. Read: Ferraro, Chap. 2
Culture and Meaning. Read: Robbins, Chap. 1; Bohannan, Chap. 2
Ethnocentrism. Read: Bohannan, Chap. 4
Class # 2
What is Ethnography? Read: Murchinson, Chap. 1
Contextualization. Read: Fetterman, Chap. 2
Holistic Perspective. Read: Fetterman, Chap. 2
Emic and Etic Perspectives. Read: Fetterman, Chap. 2
Choosing and Ethnographic Topic. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 2
Class # 3
Ethical Concerns in Social Research. Read: Tavish and Loether, Chap. 1 (pages 13
14); Fetterman, Chapt 7.
Research Design. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 3.
Where do Research Ideas Come From? Read: White, Chap. 1.
What Makes a Research Question? Read: White, Chap. 2.
What Makes a Question 'Researchable'? Read: White, Chap. 3
Questions, Methods and Indicators. Read: White, Chap. 4
Answering Research Questions. Read: White, Chap. 5
Class # 4
Facts and Hypotheses. Read: Tavish and Loether, Chap. 2
Theory and Its Value for Research. Read: Tavish and Loether, Chap. 2
Methods: Collecting Data. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 5, 6, 7, 8, and Ferraro, Chap. 5.
Class # 5
Interpretation of Field Data. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 12 and 13.
Write-Up of Field Data. Read: Murchinson, Chap. 12 and 13.
Required Readings:
Bohannan, Paul. Asking and Listening: Ethnography as Personal Adaptation. Waveland Press: Prospect Heights, IL: 1998.
Ferraro, Gary. Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. International Thomson Publishing: London, 1998.
Fetterman, David M. Ethnography: Step-by-Step. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA, 2009.
McTavish, Don G. and Herman J. Loether. Social Research: An Evolving Process. Allyn and Bacon: Boston, 2002.
Murchison, Julian. Ethnography Essentials: Designing, Conducting, and Presenting Your Research. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, 2010.
Robbins, Richard H. Cultural Anthropology: A Problem-Based Approach. F. E. Peacock Publishers: Itasca, Ill., 2001.
White, Patrick. Developing Research Questions: A Guide For Social Scientists. Palgrave Macmillan: New Hampshire, 2009.
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